The Diamond Certification Laboratory of Australia (DCLA)

The Baguette Cut is a distinct rectangular diamond shape, typically with step-cut faceting, although it can also be found in square form. It is most often used as accent stones in jewellery but can also be used as the centerpiece in certain designs, particularly in vintage or Art Deco styles.

Characteristics of Baguette Cut Diamond
Shape:

The Baguette cut is known for its rectangular shape with straight edges. It can also be found in a square version, known as a “square Baguette”.
The shape is typically very symmetrical, with cut corners or sharp edges, giving it a clean, elegant appearance.
Faceting Style:

The Baguette cut features step-cut faceting, meaning the facets are straight and parallel to each other, descending from the table to the culet. This cut is different from the brilliant cut, which has more facets and is designed for maximum sparkle.
The step-cut faceting of the Baguette cut gives the diamond a subtle sparkle, as the light reflects off the facets in a hall-of-mirrors effect. However, it doesn’t exhibit the intense brilliance seen in diamonds with brilliant cuts.
Size and Proportions:

Baguette diamonds are typically long and rectangular in shape, although the square Baguette is also a popular option.
The proportions of the Baguette are important; a well-proportioned Baguette cut diamond will appear symmetrical and aesthetically pleasing.
Brilliance and Sparkle:

Baguette diamonds have less sparkle than other diamond shapes like round brilliant or princess cuts due to the step-cut design. The absence of many facets results in a more subdued sparkle, making Baguette diamonds a good choice for those who prefer elegance over extreme brilliance.
The clarity of a Baguette cut diamond is more noticeable due to its larger, flat facets. Any inclusions or flaws are more visible than in diamonds with more facets, making clarity an important consideration when selecting a Baguette cut diamond.
Colour:

Since Baguette diamonds have fewer facets, the colour of the diamond can be more noticeable. As such, it’s generally advisable to choose a higher colour grade, such as H or better, to avoid visible yellowish tones.
Clarity:

The clarity of a Baguette diamond is especially important because the large, flat facets can reveal imperfections. Flawless to VS1 clarity diamonds are generally preferred for this cut.
Uses of the Baguette Cut Diamond
Accent Stones:

Baguette diamonds are often used as side stones or accents in jewellery, particularly in engagement rings and wedding bands. Their elegant, linear shape complements other diamonds, especially round brilliant or princess cuts, by adding a touch of sophistication and vintage flair.
In a three-stone ring, Baguette diamonds are sometimes used on either side of a larger central diamond.
Vintage and Art Deco Styles:

The Baguette cut is a popular choice in vintage, retro, and Art Deco-style jewellery due to its clean lines and symmetry. The cut’s sophisticated simplicity complements the bold geometric patterns of these design eras.
Standalone Centrepiece:

While not as common as other diamond shapes for a central diamond, Baguette diamonds can be used as a unique, elegant centerpiece for engagement rings or pendants. They are often set in a way that emphasizes their clean, linear beauty.
Advantages of the Baguette Cut
Elegant Simplicity:

The Baguette cut has a simple and clean aesthetic, which makes it ideal for those who appreciate understated elegance. It has a timeless, classic appeal that never goes out of style.
Perfect for Side Stones:

Baguette diamonds are widely used as accent stones because they can be paired easily with other shapes, such as round or princess cuts, to create a striking contrast. Their long, narrow form provides a beautiful frame to a larger diamond.
Cost-Effective:

Baguette diamonds tend to be more affordable than other cuts of the same carat weight because the faceting process requires less precision, and the diamonds typically have less sparkle. As a result, they can offer good value compared to other shapes like round brilliant or princess cuts.
Unique Appeal:

The Baguette cut’s classic and vintage feel makes it a great choice for those who want something a bit different from the typical modern diamond cuts. It offers a chic, sophisticated look for people who enjoy minimalist designs.
Considerations When Buying a Baguette Cut Diamond
Clarity:

Since Baguette diamonds have larger, flat facets, inclusions are more visible than in other cuts with smaller facets. It’s important to choose a diamond with a high clarity grade, such as VS1 or higher, to avoid visible flaws.
Proportions and Symmetry:

As with any diamond, the proportions and symmetry of a Baguette cut diamond are important for achieving the desired aesthetic. The diamond should have a well-balanced shape with symmetrical facets to ensure it reflects light evenly.
Light Reflection:

While the Baguette cut has a more subdued sparkle compared to other cuts, it still has a unique reflective quality due to its step-cut faceting. When buying a Baguette diamond, it’s essential to look for one that reflects light well, with clean, well-defined facets.
Size and Carat Weight:

Baguette diamonds are typically smaller than other shapes like round or princess cuts, so buyers may choose to purchase multiple Baguette diamonds to create a more significant visual impact in a ring or setting.
Baguette Cut vs. Other Diamond Cuts
Round Brilliant Cut: The round brilliant cut is the most popular diamond shape due to its maximum sparkle and brilliance. The Baguette cut, on the other hand, offers a more subdued, sophisticated appearance with a focus on clarity and elegance.
Emerald Cut: The emerald cut also uses step-cut faceting, like the Baguette cut, but it is typically larger and has more defined corners. Emerald cut diamonds also feature a larger surface area, making the inclusions more visible, much like the Baguette.
Princess Cut: The princess cut is another square-shaped diamond, but unlike the Baguette, it is a brilliant-cut diamond, giving it more sparkle. Baguette diamonds are rectangular and are more subtle in their brilliance.

Bearding in a diamond refers to the small, hairline fractures or feather-like inclusions that appear along the edges of a diamond. These fractures are typically found at the girdle or edges of the stone and are caused by external stress or impact during the cutting or handling process. Bearding is often a result of the diamond being exposed to pressure during the cutting process, which can cause the facet edges to develop tiny cracks.

Key Points About Bearding in Diamonds
Location:

Bearding usually occurs along the girdle (the widest part of the diamond) where the facets meet. It is more visible under magnification and can often be seen as feather-like fractures or small, wispy lines.
Cause:

Bearding is caused by stress or pressure exerted on the diamond during the cutting process. The girdle area is particularly vulnerable because it is where the facets come together, and it can be fragile. Additionally, diamonds can be damaged during handling or setting, leading to bearding along the edges.
Appearance:

The bearding appears as tiny, hairline fractures, often resembling small cracks or feathers. They are generally not visible to the naked eye and are usually detected only under magnification (such as with a loupe or microscope).
Impact on Diamond Quality:

Bearding does not usually affect the overall structural integrity of the diamond. It is often considered a minor imperfection and is unlikely to affect the diamond’s overall durability or brilliance.
However, bearding can slightly impact clarity grading because it is an inclusion that may be visible under magnification. It can sometimes lower the diamond’s clarity grade depending on the size, location, and visibility of the bearding.
Clarity Grade Consideration:

Bearding is typically not a significant issue when it comes to diamonds of higher clarity grades (such as VS1 or VS2). However, for diamonds with lower clarity grades (such as SI1 or below), bearding may be more noticeable under magnification, potentially influencing the clarity grade.
Diamond Durability:

Bearding does not compromise the diamond’s overall strength. Since the fractures are located on the outer edges of the diamond, they do not affect the central portion or the diamond’s ability to withstand normal wear and tear.
Treatment of Bearding:

Bearding cannot be removed once it has formed, but the diamond can sometimes be recut to minimize or eliminate the appearance of bearding, depending on the severity and location of the inclusions. However, recutting may result in the loss of some carat weight.
Bearding vs. Other Inclusions:

Unlike inclusions like clouds, pinpoints, or crystals, bearding is generally less significant in terms of affecting the diamond’s value. It tends to be an aesthetic flaw more than a structural one.
How to Minimize Bearding
Precise Cutting: Proper and careful cutting of the diamond can help prevent or reduce the risk of bearding. Skilled diamond cutters will avoid applying excessive pressure on the diamond during the cutting process to reduce stress at the girdle.
Handling with Care: Proper handling during all stages of cutting, polishing, and setting can minimize the occurrence of bearding. Care should be taken to avoid any impacts on the edges of the diamond.

Bezel facets in a diamond refer to the flat, triangular facets that are found on the crown of a diamond, located just above the table (the top flat surface). These facets are part of the diamond’s overall faceting pattern and play a significant role in its brilliance and light performance.

Key Points About Bezel Facets in Diamonds
Location:

Bezel facets are located on the crown of the diamond, just above the table and below the bezel edge (the part of the diamond that meets the girdle).
These facets are positioned around the center of the diamond and typically face outward from the table.
Shape and Number:

The bezel facets are triangular in shape, with a flat surface that creates a smooth, reflective area.
Most diamonds, particularly those with brilliant-cut faceting, have two bezel facets on each side of the diamond, for a total of four bezel facets in a round brilliant-cut diamond. However, the number and shape of bezel facets can vary in different diamond cuts.
Function and Light Performance:

Bezel facets contribute to the diamond’s light performance by helping to reflect light that enters the diamond from the top. They redirect light through the crown and pavilion, enhancing the diamond’s sparkle and overall brilliance.
These facets work together with the main facets, such as the star facets and kite facets, to improve the diamond’s ability to reflect and refract light, creating the fire and brilliance that diamonds are famous for.
Bezel Facets in Different Diamond Cuts:

Round Brilliant Cut: In a round brilliant-cut diamond, the bezel facets are typically small and contribute to the overall symmetry of the cut. They help transition between the table and the rest of the crown.
Princess Cut: In a princess cut diamond, the facets are more square or rectangular in shape, but they still perform a similar function by helping to reflect light and create brilliance.
Cushion Cut: For cushion cuts, the bezel facets might be larger due to the unique shape of the stone, but they still function to add to the diamond’s overall brilliance and appearance.
Impact on Diamond’s Appearance:

Bezel facets are important for polish quality and symmetry in a diamond. Well-formed bezel facets can enhance the overall sharpness of the diamond’s appearance, while poorly executed bezel facets can detract from the diamond’s visual appeal.
While these facets don’t have as much impact on the overall clarity of a diamond, their presence helps define the shape and faceting of the diamond.
Bezel Facet and Setting Considerations:

When setting a diamond in jewellery, the bezel setting is sometimes used, where a metal band surrounds the diamond’s edges. In this case, the bezel facets can work in conjunction with the bezel setting to protect the edges of the diamond while also enhancing its brilliance and shine.
Conclusion
Bezel facets are a critical element in the diamond’s faceting pattern, particularly on the crown, where they help direct light into the diamond and contribute to its brilliance and fire. These triangular facets play a significant role in the diamond’s overall aesthetic, and their quality is a key factor in determining the diamond’s appearance and light performance. When considering diamonds, especially those with brilliant-cut faceting, it’s essential to look for well-cut bezel facets to ensure that the stone will have the desired sparkle and symmetry.

A black diamond is a type of diamond that is opaque or dark in colour, typically appearing black or very deep gray due to its unique internal structure. Unlike traditional white diamonds, black diamonds are not transparent and do not have the same level of brilliance or sparkle. Instead, they exhibit a matte or metallic appearance.

Key Characteristics of Black Diamonds
Colour:

The colour of black diamonds can range from deep black to dark gray. The darkness is caused by a high concentration of inclusions (such as graphite, hematite, and pyrite) within the diamond’s structure.
The inclusions are responsible for the opaque nature of the stone, absorbing light rather than allowing it to pass through as it does in colourless or white diamonds.
Structure and Formation:

Black diamonds are usually formed under extreme heat and pressure conditions, just like traditional diamonds. However, their colour and opaque nature are primarily due to the unique arrangement of carbon atoms, combined with inclusions of other materials, like graphite or iron oxide.
The internal inclusions of black diamonds are often visible with the naked eye, unlike in white diamonds, where inclusions are often microscopic and can only be seen under magnification.
Types of Black Diamonds:

There are two main types of black diamonds: natural and treated.
Natural Black Diamonds: These are diamonds that are naturally dark and contain inclusions that give them their black appearance. Natural black diamonds are rare and more expensive.
Treated Black Diamonds: These diamonds are typically colourless diamonds that have undergone high-temperature treatments (such as irradiation and heat treatment) to turn them black. They are generally more affordable than natural black diamonds.
Clarity and Inclusions:

Black diamonds typically have visible inclusions within the stone, which are not considered flaws in the same way as they might be in traditional diamonds. In fact, the inclusions contribute to the stone’s distinctive appearance and darkness.
The clarity of a black diamond is often graded differently from traditional diamonds because the inclusions contribute to the overall appearance. Visible inclusions are generally not a negative factor.
Brilliance and Sparkle:

Black diamonds do not exhibit the same level of brilliance or fire as traditional diamonds because they are opaque. While traditional diamonds reflect and refract light to create sparkle, black diamonds absorb light due to their dense structure and inclusions.
They have a matte or satin-like appearance instead of the bright sparkle seen in white diamonds. However, they can still have a subtle shine depending on the cut and how they are polished.
Popularity and Uses:

Black diamonds have gained popularity in recent years due to their unique, bold appearance, making them a popular choice for alternative engagement rings, fine jewellery, and statement pieces.
Black diamond rings are especially popular for modern, edgy, or non-traditional designs, and are often used in engagement rings as an alternative to classic white diamonds. They are also frequently set in contrasting metal bands, such as rose gold, yellow gold, or platinum, to enhance their bold look.
Cultural Significance:

Historically, black diamonds have been associated with mystery and strength. In some cultures, they were thought to possess protective or healing powers.
Today, black diamonds are seen as symbols of strength, sophistication, and rebellion, making them appealing for those who want a diamond with a unique, contemporary twist.
Care and Maintenance:

While black diamonds are extremely hard (as are all diamonds) and resistant to scratching, they may still require careful handling, especially treated black diamonds, which can be more susceptible to damage from certain chemicals or excessive heat.
Regular cleaning and maintenance are recommended to ensure the stone retains its appearance.

A blemish on a diamond refers to an external imperfection or flaw that is visible on the surface of the diamond. These imperfections can affect the appearance and clarity of the stone and are one of the factors used in determining the diamond’s overall quality and value.

Key Points About Blemishes in Diamonds
Types of Blemishes: Blemishes can take several forms, depending on their nature and how they appear on the diamond’s surface. Some common types include:

Scratches: Fine lines or marks on the surface of the diamond caused by friction or contact with another object. They are often very small but can still affect the diamond’s clarity and appearance.
Nicks: Small chips or indentations that can occur on the diamond’s surface, often as a result of accidental impacts.
Pits: Tiny holes or depressions on the surface of the diamond, usually caused by natural growth conditions or external damage. These are often very small but noticeable under magnification.
Polish Lines: Shiny, sometimes curved lines on the surface of the diamond that result from the polishing process. These are typically not considered major flaws unless they are deep or visible to the naked eye.
Clouds: A series of very tiny inclusions or a grouping of them that can sometimes appear on the surface of the diamond. These may look like a hazy or cloudy area on the surface.
Knot: A type of blemish where an internal inclusion reaches the surface, causing a rough area or hole on the diamond’s surface. This is a significant flaw and may lower the clarity and value of the diamond.
Causes of Blemishes:

Cutting and Polishing Process: During the cutting and polishing stages, external imperfections may occur if the diamond is not handled carefully or the polishing wheel creates surface marks.
External Damage: Blemishes can also occur from external impacts or from the diamond coming into contact with other materials. A diamond can get scratched, chipped, or otherwise damaged if it strikes a hard surface or is exposed to abrasive materials.
Natural Growth: Some blemishes are natural features that form as the diamond is created under extreme heat and pressure. These marks can remain on the surface, especially if the stone has not been polished or cut to remove them.
Impact on Diamond Value:

The presence of blemishes can affect the clarity grade of a diamond. Diamonds with more or larger blemishes will generally receive a lower clarity grade because they detract from the stone’s overall appearance.
Blemishes that are visible to the naked eye are usually more detrimental to the diamond’s appearance and value than those that are only visible under magnification.
Minor blemishes, such as small polish lines or scratches that are barely visible, may have minimal impact on the diamond’s overall price, especially in diamonds with higher clarity grades. However, larger or more noticeable blemishes can significantly reduce the diamond’s value.
Blemish vs. Inclusions:

Blemishes are external flaws, whereas inclusions are internal imperfections that exist within the diamond. Both types of flaws are considered when grading a diamond’s clarity, but blemishes are typically easier to detect, especially when viewed under a jeweller’s loupe.
While inclusions are often hidden inside the diamond, blemishes are located on the surface and are therefore more likely to impact the diamond’s aesthetic appeal.
Blemish Detection:

Blemishes can often be detected through magnification (such as a jeweller’s loupe, typically 10x magnification), but some smaller blemishes may not be visible without a trained eye.
GIA (Gemological Institute of America) and other grading labs will examine diamonds for blemishes as part of the clarity grading process, where the diamond will be assessed for the presence of surface imperfections.
Dealing with Blemishes:

Professional Polishing: In some cases, blemishes can be removed or minimized by re-polishing the diamond. However, this process might cause a slight loss in carat weight, as a portion of the diamond’s surface may need to be ground away to eliminate the blemish.
Recutting: If a diamond has a large or deep blemish, it may be possible to recut the stone to remove the imperfection, though this would affect the diamond’s shape and carat weight.
Precautions:

To prevent blemishes, it’s important to handle diamonds with care. When cleaning or storing a diamond, avoid exposing it to harsh chemicals or abrasive materials that could cause scratches or other damage. Additionally, when setting a diamond into jewellery, care should be taken to avoid causing any surface damage.

A blood diamond (also known as a conflict diamond) refers to a diamond that is mined in war zones and sold to finance armed conflict against governments. The term gained prominence in the late 1990s due to the civil wars in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and other parts of West Africa, where diamonds were used to fund brutal wars, exploitation, and human rights abuses.

Key Characteristics of Blood Diamonds:
Source of Conflict:

Blood diamonds are often mined in regions where armed groups take control of diamond-rich areas and use the sale of diamonds to finance their military campaigns, including the purchase of weapons and equipment.
These diamonds are typically mined under inhumane conditions, with workers, often including children, subjected to forced labour, violence, and abuse.
Impact on Local Communities:

The mining of blood diamonds often involves severe exploitation of workers. They may be forced to work in dangerous conditions without adequate safety measures, receive little or no compensation, and suffer physical violence.
In some cases, communities are displaced from their homes, and the profits from the diamonds are controlled by rebel groups, rather than benefiting local communities or contributing to economic development.
Global Response and the Kimberley Process:

The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS), launched in 2003, aims to prevent the trade of blood diamonds by requiring countries to certify that diamonds are sourced from conflict-free areas. The initiative was designed to create a global standard for diamond certification and ensure that diamonds sold on the international market are not financing conflict.
While the Kimberley Process has made progress in reducing the trade in blood diamonds, loopholes and weak enforcement still allow some conflict diamonds to enter the market.
Ethical Concerns:

The sale of blood diamonds raises significant ethical concerns in the jewellery industry. Consumers and advocacy groups have called for more transparency in the diamond supply chain to ensure that diamonds are ethically sourced.
Many jewellers and diamond retailers have pledged to sell only conflict-free diamonds, and some offer guarantees or certificates of origin to confirm that their diamonds were not sourced from conflict zones.
Impact on the Diamond Industry:

The term “blood diamond” has had a lasting impact on the reputation of the diamond industry, highlighting the need for ethical sourcing and responsible business practices.
Public awareness and consumer demand for ethically sourced diamonds have led to the rise of sustainable and conflict-free options, such as lab-grown diamonds and diamonds certified by organisations like the Responsible Jewellery Council.
Alternatives to Blood Diamonds:

Many consumers choose to buy ethically sourced diamonds or lab-grown diamonds as alternatives to blood diamonds. Fairmined and Fairtrade gold are also options for buyers seeking to ensure their jewellery is ethically produced.
Some jewellers also offer diamonds that have been certified as conflict-free through reputable certification schemes such as the Kimberley Process or RJC certification.
Cultural and Legal Implications:

The issue of blood diamonds has drawn attention to the human rights violations that can accompany the extraction of natural resources. The global trade in these diamonds has also led to legal challenges in various countries, with some governments and organisations advocating for stricter regulations and more robust certification systems.
The term “blood diamond” has become synonymous with the broader humanitarian crisis that can occur when natural resources are exploited for profit in conflict regions.

A blue diamond is one of the rarest and most sought-after types of coloured diamonds, known for its stunning blue hue. The unique colour of these diamonds is caused by the presence of the element boron in their crystal structure, which absorbs light in the yellow and red parts of the spectrum and allows the blue light to be reflected, giving the diamond its distinctive colour.

Key Characteristics of Blue Diamonds:
Colour:

The blue colour of these diamonds can range from pale blue to vivid blue, with the most highly prized stones being those that exhibit a deep, intense blue hue.
The colour is caused by boron impurities, which are present in trace amounts during the diamond’s formation. The boron atoms affect how light is absorbed and reflected, giving the diamond its blue appearance.
Grading:

Blue diamonds are graded based on their colour intensity and the absence of undesirable secondary hues, such as gray or green. The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) uses a grading scale for blue diamonds, ranging from faint blue to fancy vivid blue.
The more intense the blue colour and the less presence of secondary hues, the more valuable the blue diamond. “Fancy blue” is used to describe diamonds that exhibit strong to vivid blue colours, while those with a duller blue shade might be graded as fancy light blue.
Rarity and Value:

Blue diamonds are incredibly rare, and their value can be significantly higher than that of white diamonds due to their scarcity. The rarity is partly because the element boron is rare in nature and is only present in certain regions where diamonds are formed.
Blue diamonds also often exhibit greater brilliance due to the way they absorb and reflect light, making them highly prized in the luxury jewellery market.
Famous Blue Diamonds:

Some of the most famous blue diamonds in the world include:
The Hope Diamond: A historic blue diamond weighing 45.52 carats, known for its rich blue colour and dramatic history.
The Blue Moon Diamond: A 12.03-carat fancy vivid blue diamond, which set a record when it was sold at auction in 2015.
The Winston Blue Diamond: A 13.22-carat blue diamond, one of the most significant diamonds in the world.
The Ocean Blue Diamond: A vivid blue diamond sold for a substantial sum due to its intense colour.
Clarity:

While clarity (the absence of internal imperfections) is a significant factor in the value of any diamond, blue diamonds tend to have a lower emphasis on clarity when compared to the overall colour and rarity. Many blue diamonds may have minor inclusions or blemishes, but the overall intensity of colour often takes precedence.
However, higher-quality blue diamonds with fewer inclusions can still fetch higher prices, especially if they exhibit exceptional clarity alongside their stunning colour.
Treatments:

Some diamonds are artificially treated to enhance their blue colour, often using high-temperature or high-pressure treatments. These treated diamonds are generally more affordable than naturally occurring blue diamonds but are less valuable.
Natural blue diamonds are much rarer and more valuable because they acquire their colour naturally over millions of years of formation under specific geological conditions.
Investment and Collectability:

Due to their rarity and desirability, blue diamonds are often seen as a good investment. Their value can appreciate over time, especially those that have strong provenance or exceptional characteristics.
Collectors often seek blue diamonds due to their exclusivity, and they are often featured in high-profile jewellery auctions and collections.
Famous Mining Locations:

The most famous source of blue diamonds is the Argyle Mine in Australia, which produced some of the world’s most well-known blue diamonds before its closure in 2020. The Argyle mine was also the source of other rare coloured diamonds, such as pink and red diamonds.
South Africa, India, and Botswana are other notable sources of blue diamonds, though the supply of these stones is limited.
Cultural Significance:

Historically, blue diamonds have been associated with royalty, luxury, and status. Their rarity and captivating colour have made them highly coveted, with famous blue diamonds often passed down through royal families or sold at prestigious auctions.
In modern times, blue diamonds continue to be a symbol of elegance and refinement, often sought after by collectors and those looking for a distinctive and luxurious gem.

A blue-white diamond is a type of diamond that displays a combination of both blue and white hues, resulting in a unique, striking appearance. The term “blue-white” is sometimes used to describe diamonds that show a blue fluorescence under certain lighting conditions, giving them a whitish appearance with a slight hint of blue. This phenomenon can occur in both colourless diamonds and those with a faint blue hue.

Key Characteristics of Blue-White Diamonds:
Blue Fluorescence:

Fluorescence refers to a diamond’s ability to glow under ultraviolet (UV) light. When a diamond exhibits blue fluorescence, it can appear to have a slight blue tint under certain lighting conditions, such as under UV light.
A blue-white diamond typically has strong blue fluorescence, which can enhance its overall appearance, making it appear whiter or brighter, especially when viewed in certain types of light, such as daylight or fluorescent light.
Diamond Colour:

Blue-white diamonds are often colourless diamonds that have a blue fluorescence, which can sometimes create the illusion of a faint blue tint.
These diamonds can be of high colour grades, typically ranging from D (colourless) to G (near colourless) on the GIA scale.
The blue fluorescence is more noticeable in diamonds with little to no colour (near colorless or colourless diamonds), which means the white appearance of the diamond can be enhanced when viewed under the right lighting.
Effect of Blue Fluorescence:

Blue fluorescence can make a diamond appear brighter or whiter in certain lights, especially in artificial lighting. This effect is more pronounced in diamonds with strong or very strong blue fluorescence.
However, the presence of blue fluorescence can also make the diamond appear slightly milky or cloudy in some lighting conditions, particularly under UV light or in direct sunlight, if the fluorescence is too intense. This is an important consideration when purchasing a diamond.
Value of Blue-White Diamonds:

The presence of blue fluorescence generally does not impact the overall value of a diamond unless it causes undesirable effects like a cloudy appearance. However, for diamonds with strong blue fluorescence that enhances their brilliance, some buyers may actually find the effect desirable.
Blue-white diamonds are often sought after for their unique visual appeal and the subtle blue tint they can exhibit under certain lighting.
Comparison to Regular White Diamonds:

Regular white diamonds are valued primarily for their colourlessness and clarity. In contrast, blue-white diamonds are valued for their fluorescent properties, which can enhance their overall aesthetic appearance.
The term blue-white is not a formal grading term but more of a descriptive term that indicates the combination of blue fluorescence with a white or colourless diamond appearance.
Blue-White Diamond vs. Blue Diamond:

Blue diamonds are naturally blue due to the presence of boron in their crystal structure, giving them a distinct blue colour. In contrast, blue-white diamonds do not inherently have a blue body colour; they simply exhibit blue fluorescence under certain lighting conditions.
Blue diamonds tend to be much rarer and more expensive than blue-white diamonds due to their natural blue colour, while blue-white diamonds are generally more affordable.
Popular Uses:

Blue-white diamonds are used in a variety of fine jewellery, particularly engagement rings and high-end fashion pieces, due to their unique ability to sparkle and shine under different light conditions.
The blue-white diamond effect can be particularly popular in jewellery designed to look vibrant and visually striking, as the fluorescence adds an extra dimension to the diamond’s appearance.
Identifying Blue-White Diamonds:

It is possible to test a diamond’s fluorescence using a UV light to determine if it has the blue fluorescence characteristic. A GIA certificate may also note the presence and intensity of the diamond’s fluorescence.

A bow tie in a diamond refers to a dark shadow or dark area that appears across the center of a diamond, typically seen in princess or marquise cut diamonds. This shadow resembles the shape of a bow tie, hence the name. The appearance of the bow tie is a result of how the diamond is cut and how light reflects and refracts within the stone.

Key Characteristics of a Bow Tie in Diamonds:
Causes of Bow Tie Effect:

The bow tie effect occurs when light is not able to pass through the center of the diamond evenly, creating a darker area. This is most commonly seen in diamonds with deep cuts or those with asymmetrical facets.
It is more prominent in certain shapes, such as:
Marquise cut: Due to its elongated shape, the bow tie effect can be very noticeable in marquise diamonds.
Princess cut: The square shape of a princess cut can also result in some dark areas in the center, resembling a bow tie.
Radiant cut: Similar to princess cuts, radiant diamonds can also show a bow tie, although less often.
Appearance:

The bow tie typically appears as a dark zone or shadow running diagonally across the diamond’s table. The size and intensity of the bow tie can vary depending on the diamond’s proportions and cut quality.
Some bow ties are subtle and barely noticeable, while others may be more prominent and affect the overall visual appeal of the diamond.
Impact on Value:

The presence of a bow tie can sometimes negatively impact the beauty of the diamond, as it detracts from its overall brilliance and sparkle. This is especially true if the bow tie is large or dark.
However, not all bow ties are viewed negatively. In some cases, they are seen as a natural characteristic of certain cuts, and diamonds with subtle bow ties may still be considered beautiful and valuable.
Cut Quality:

The presence of a bow tie is often related to the cut quality of the diamond. Diamonds with a poorly executed cut may have more pronounced bow ties, while diamonds with a well-proportioned cut may have minimal or no bow tie effect.
Ideal or excellent cut diamonds are less likely to have an obvious bow tie, as the angles and facets are designed to optimize light return and minimize shadows.
Bow Tie in Fancy Cuts:

In diamonds with fancy shapes (e.g., marquise, oval, or pear), the bow tie effect is more common, especially in shapes that are elongated or asymmetric. The cut quality plays a critical role in reducing or accentuating the bow tie.
How to Minimise the Bow Tie Effect:

When choosing a diamond with a shape prone to a bow tie (e.g., marquise or princess cut), it is important to ensure the diamond has a well-balanced cut. A diamond with correct proportions and a properly aligned facet structure is more likely to have a minimal bow tie effect.
Sometimes, choosing a slightly different shape can avoid the bow tie altogether, such as opting for a round brilliant cut, which typically has less chance of exhibiting the bow tie effect.

Diamond briefca (sometimes spelled briefcase or brief), which is a small, folded, envelope-like paper used to safely hold a diamond. These are commonly used in the diamond trade for secure packaging and easy identification of diamonds, especially when they are being transported or stored temporarily.

Key Features of a Diamond Briefca:
Protective Packaging:

The diamond briefca is designed to protect the diamond from physical damage, such as scratches or chipping, while being stored or transported.
It is made from durable paper or a similar material that folds securely to create a compact, protective enclosure.
Identification Information:

The outside of the briefca typically features printed or handwritten details about the diamond, such as its certification number, weight, cut, colour, and clarity.
If the diamond is certified, the information often includes references to the grading laboratory (like DCLA), the diamond’s certification report, and any unique identifiers for the diamond, ensuring traceability and authenticity.
Use in the Trade:

Briefcas are commonly used in wholesale transactions and diamond exchanges, where diamonds need to be transported securely between dealers, gemologists, or jewelers.
They are also used to package loose diamonds being sent to grading laboratories for certification.
Security Features:

Some diamond briefcas have added security features, such as tamper-evident seals or coded numbers, to prevent unauthorized access or exchange of the diamond while in transit.
They offer a practical way to ensure that diamonds remain identifiable and protected from contamination or exposure to light.
Relation to Diamond Grading Reports:

In addition to serving as protective packaging, the diamond briefca often works in conjunction with the diamond’s certification report, which provides detailed information about the diamond’s cut, clarity, colour, and carat weight.
For diamonds certified by labs like DCLA, the briefca may include information about the diamond’s grade according to the laboratory’s assessment.

Diamond brilliance refers to the amount of white light that is reflected from a diamond. It is one of the most important qualities that contribute to a diamond’s overall sparkle and appeal. Brilliance is primarily determined by how well the diamond has been cut, as this affects how light enters, reflects, and exits the stone.

Key Factors Contributing to Diamond Brilliance:
Cut Quality:

The cut of the diamond plays a crucial role in determining its brilliance. The diamond must be cut with the correct proportions, angles, and symmetry to allow light to enter and reflect in a way that maximizes brilliance.
A well-cut diamond will have facets that act like mirrors, reflecting light back to the viewer’s eye, creating that characteristic sparkle. A poorly cut diamond, on the other hand, will allow light to escape from the sides or bottom, reducing its brilliance.
Proportions and Symmetry:

The proportions of a diamond, such as the depth, table size, and crown angle, directly affect how light travels through the stone. A diamond with ideal proportions will allow light to reflect optimally and produce maximum brilliance.
Symmetry ensures that all the facets are aligned properly, which helps in the even distribution of light reflections.
Clarity:

While clarity (the presence of inclusions or blemishes) does not directly affect a diamond’s brilliance, it can influence how well light is reflected. Inclusions can scatter light inside the diamond, reducing the intensity of reflections. Diamonds with higher clarity typically exhibit greater brilliance.
Colour:

A diamond’s colour can also affect its brilliance. Colourless diamonds (graded D to F on the GIA scale) tend to reflect light better and show more brilliance compared to diamonds with noticeable colour. However, diamonds with a slight tint (G to J) can still have good brilliance, especially when they are well-cut.
Light Performance:

Brilliance is a part of a diamond’s light performance, which also includes other effects like fire (the dispersion of light into colours) and scintillation (the sparkle seen when the diamond is moved). Brilliance refers specifically to the white light reflection from the diamond.
Environmental Lighting:

The environment in which a diamond is viewed also influences its perceived brilliance. Natural sunlight or strong artificial light can enhance a diamond’s sparkle, while dim lighting or poorly lit environments may make the diamond appear duller.
When viewed under different types of lighting, such as incandescent or fluorescent, the diamond’s brilliance may vary slightly, but the overall cut and quality will still play a significant role in how it performs in terms of sparkle.
Brilliance vs. Fire and Scintillation:
Fire refers to the dispersion of light into the colours of the rainbow, and scintillation is the flashes of light that occur when the diamond is moved. While these contribute to the overall visual appeal of a diamond, brilliance is focused solely on the white light that the diamond reflects.
All three factors—brilliance, fire, and scintillation—work together to give a diamond its characteristic sparkle, with brilliance being the most noticeable when the diamond is at rest.
How Brilliance is Measured:
Diamond grading labs like GIA (Gemological Institute of America) assess a diamond’s brilliance by examining how light interacts with the diamond’s facets.
Brilliance score is often a part of overall cut quality grading, but some advanced tools and technologies (like Ideal-Scope and Aset tools) can help buyers visually assess a diamond’s brilliance by simulating how it will reflect light in different conditions.

The brilliant cut is one of the most popular and widely used diamond cuts, known for its exceptional sparkle and brilliance. It is specifically designed to maximize the amount of white light reflected from the diamond, making it appear as bright and lively as possible.

Key Characteristics of the Brilliant Cut Diamond:
Facet Structure:

The brilliant cut typically has 58 facets: 33 on the crown (top) and 25 on the pavilion (bottom). This facet arrangement is designed to reflect light in multiple directions, creating maximum brilliance (white light) and fire (colored light dispersion).
The facets are arranged in a way that light enters the diamond, reflects off the pavilion, and exits through the crown, giving the diamond its signature sparkle.
Round Shape:

The brilliant cut is most commonly seen in round diamonds, which is the most traditional and popular shape for engagement rings. The round shape is ideal for maximizing the interaction of light within the diamond, ensuring it reflects light evenly across the entire stone.
Other shapes, such as princess or oval, can also have brilliant cuts, though the round brilliant cut remains the most popular due to its symmetry and ability to showcase light performance.
Cut Quality:

The brilliance of a brilliant cut diamond is directly related to its cut quality. The better the cut, the more light the diamond will reflect, and the more brilliance it will display.
A well-cut diamond has ideal proportions: the crown, pavilion, and table must be correctly aligned to maximize light return. A poorly cut diamond, even if it has great clarity and color, will not exhibit the same brilliance.
Brilliance, Fire, and Scintillation:

Brilliance: The white light that is reflected from the diamond, contributing to its overall sparkle.
Fire: The dispersion of light into various colors of the rainbow, creating flashes of color within the diamond.
Scintillation: The sparkle and flashes of light that are visible when the diamond is moved or tilted. The brilliant cut is designed to enhance all three of these qualities.
Ideal for Various Settings:

Due to its symmetry and classic look, the brilliant cut diamond is versatile and works well in almost every type of jewelry setting, including engagement rings, pendants, and earrings.
The cut’s ability to reflect light so effectively makes it one of the most sought-after choices for anyone looking for maximum sparkle.
Other Brilliant Cuts:

While the round brilliant cut is the most common, there are other shapes with similar facet arrangements, known as fancy brilliant cuts, such as oval, pear, marquise, and emerald cuts. These variations are still designed to emphasize brilliance, but each has a unique shape that appeals to different tastes.
Cut Grading:

The quality of the brilliant cut is often graded by laboratories such as the GIA (Gemological Institute of America) using a cut grade system. This grade considers factors like proportions, symmetry, and finish. A diamond with an excellent or ideal cut grade will exhibit the best brilliance.

A briolette diamond is a unique and beautiful cut that features a tear-drop or pear shape with triangular facets all over the surface. It’s one of the oldest diamond cuts, often associated with antique and vintage jewelry. The briolette cut is characterized by its 360-degree faceting, which makes the diamond sparkle from every angle. It’s typically used in pendants or earrings because of its distinctive shape and the way it captures light.

This cut is known for its exceptional brilliance due to the numerous facets that create a dynamic play of light. Briolette diamonds are often more challenging to work with because of their shape, but they can be a striking feature in high-end, custom pieces. They are also considered a symbol of elegance and sophistication.

A bruted diamond girdle refers to the technique used in the finishing process of a diamond, specifically around the diamond’s outer edge, known as the girdle. The term “bruted” comes from the method of shaping and polishing the girdle using a rotating wheel or tool to smooth out any roughness, creating a rounded, slightly frosted surface.

Bruting is often one of the first steps in diamond cutting and involves shaping the girdle into a uniform form, helping to define the diamond’s proportions. The girdle itself is an important feature because it serves as the boundary between the crown (top) and pavilion (bottom) of the diamond.

When a diamond is bruted, the girdle typically has a polished or frosted finish, depending on the diamond cutter’s technique. A bruted girdle is often seen in diamonds that are of higher quality, as it helps ensure the symmetry and overall aesthetic appeal of the finished stone.

The bruted girdle may or may not show additional markings, such as laser inscriptions, which are commonly used for identification purposes.

A burn mark on a diamond facet typically refers to a discoloration or imperfection caused by excessive heat or pressure during the diamond cutting or polishing process. These marks can appear as small, dark spots or patches on the surface of the diamond and may affect the diamond’s overall appearance.

Burn marks are often the result of improper handling or overheating during the diamond’s treatment. When diamonds are cut or polished, they are exposed to various tools and equipment that can generate significant heat. If a diamond is exposed to heat for too long or if the temperature becomes too high, it can cause a chemical change or physical damage to the surface of the stone, resulting in a burn mark.

These marks are typically visible under magnification, and while they don’t usually affect the diamond’s structural integrity, they can reduce the stone’s visual appeal and lower its value. In some cases, burn marks may be polished out if the affected area is small, but more significant damage might require a re-cutting or recutting of the diamond.