Study yields new insight in hunt for rare, valuable yellow diamonds

Yellow diamonds, some with colourless cores

A new study by University of Alberta scientists could help guide the search for rare, high-value yellow diamonds in the Canadian North.

The researchers, led by PhD student Mei Yan Lai, examined the chemical makeup of stones recovered from the Chidliak and Ekati mines in Northern Canada to get a better understanding of how they formed.

“Without this research, we wouldn’t know that two separate formation events occurred, and that the second, more recent event is responsible for the yellow colour,” explained U of A diamond geologist Thomas Stachel.

“The more we know about the origin of these potentially high-value diamonds, the better results for diamond exploration and value creation in Northern Canada.”

Lai said they wanted to understand the origin of the yellow colour in the diamonds from the two deposits.

“Canadian yellow diamonds have never been studied spectroscopically in detail. Our results suggest that the cause is the preservation of unstable single nitrogen atoms preserved inside the diamonds,” explained Lai, who conducted this research as part of her master’s studies in the Diamond Exploration Research Training School under the supervision of Stachel.

The research team determined that some yellow diamonds contain colourless cores, meaning that the yellow outer layers crystallized on top of clearer centres. Lai determined that the yellow diamonds crystallized no more than 30,000 years before the kimberlite eruptions that brought them up to Earth’s surface.

“Our analysis shows that the colourless cores in these yellow diamonds are about one billion years older,” Lai said. “In fact, the carbon isotope compositions and nitrogen concentrations of the colourless cores and yellow outer layers are significantly different, suggesting that they formed in at least two distinct events and involved different diamond-forming fluids.”

The researchers said discovering a potential new source of yellow diamonds in the Canadian North is economically significant, as the previous main source of high-quality yellow diamonds, the Ellendale Mine in Western Australia, was recently shut down.

The discovery of colourless cores in some of the yellow diamonds may also be of interest to the jewelry trade, said Lai.

“Occasionally, rough yellow diamonds lose their vibrant yellow colour after being cut and polished—probably because this kind of diamond has a thin layer of yellow overgrowth on top of the geologically older colourless core,” she said.

The project is a collaboration with Dominion Diamond Mines and Peregrine Diamonds Ltd. Part of the analyses were done at the Gemological Institute of America.

The research is supported by a bursary through DERTS, funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada’s Collaborative Research and Training Experience program.

The study, “Yellow Diamonds With Colourless Cores—Evidence for Episodic Diamond Growth Beneath Chidliak and the Ekati Mine, Canada,” was published in Mineralogy and Petrology.

Source: miragenews

Omega Ladies’ Speedmaster 38 Now Glitters In Gold With Diamonds

Omega Speedmaster 38 in gold with diamonds

Omega’s cult-status Speedmaster is one of the world’s most famous sports watches, along with the iconic Rolex Daytona and Audemars Piguet Royal Oak. Every once in awhile, Omega invites women to enjoy the iconic Speedy with a 38 mm size, and now, for the first time, there is a full gold version of the 38, with diamond options.

There are 90 diamonds set into the outer bezel of the Omega Speedmaster 38 in 18k Sedna gold.
There are 90 diamonds set into the outer bezel of the Omega Speedmaster 38 in 18k Sedna gold. OMEGA

The smaller size is still a sports watch. It retains the model’s familiar tri-compax dial, with small seconds at 9 o’clock and chronograph minutes and hours at 3 and 6 o’clock, but now the subdials are oval shaped. Omega also manages to preserve the signature tachymeter scale, despite setting the bezel with diamonds, by placing it on an aluminum half-bezel just inside the gem-set ring. For those who don’t want the 90-diamond bezel option, it’s also available without gems.

The Omega Speedmaster 38 in 18k yellow gold with 90 diamonds set into the outer bezel.
The Omega Speedmaster 38 in 18k yellow gold with 90 diamonds set into the outer bezel. OMEGA

There are two models, one in 18k Sedna gold, Omega’s proprietary red gold alloy with copper for the warm color and palladium for extra strength. The half-bezel on the red gold model is “cappuccino,” a color introduced on a similar 38 mm model two years ago in steel. The hands and arrowhead index markers are also gold, and the strap is beige. The second model is 18k yellow gold with a green half-bezel and green strap.

The caseback is engraved with the Speedmaster’s iconic Seahorse insignia.
The caseback is engraved with the Speedmaster’s iconic Seahorse insignia. OMEGA

The movement is the same elite caliber used in larger Speedmaster and Seamaster models, the Co-Axial 3330, an automatic movement with a 54-hour power reserve. You can’t see it because the caseback is closed, but what you can see back there is an engraving of the Speedmaster’s iconic Seahorse, also called the Omega Hippocampus. In Greek mythology, the hippocampi were sea monsters with the heads of horses and the lower bodies of fish. 

Zimbabwe’s ZCDC Sets Sight On Doubling Diamond Production

Zimbabwe Diamond Production

The Zimbabwe Consolidated Diamond Mining Company (ZCDC) failed to meet its 2019 target of 3 million carats, but officials are buoyant fortunes will turn around as the firm has consolidated its investments in exploration, mining and processing to improve output this year.

Speaking durng a media tour of Chiadzwa diamond fields on Friday last week, Acting ZCDC Chief Executive Officer Roberto DePreto said they are aiming to double the 1.6 million carats produced last year through joint venture agreements, increased exploration as well as mitigating viability challenges, linked to power shortages and access to foreign currency.

“Since the Diamond Policy was issued we are now looking for joint venture partners, those joint venture partners get allocated a particular concession and we then subdivide the (overall) 626 special grant into specific special grants for those venture companies.

“Last year we produced 1.6 million carats and this year we are targeting to double that through our investments in new plant machinery and our exploration capabilities,” said DePreto.

Consuming an average of 5 megawatts and at 25 000 of diesel daily, ZCDC has also invested in new plant machinery from Belarus which needs foreign currency for repair and maintenance, with at least seventy percent of consumables and spares imported.

Officials said such overheads have hampered production targets, costing in total a minimum of 8 million tons of unprocessed diamond ore from the down time caused by the listed operation constrains.

Mine manager, Innocent Guvakuva said focus will be placed on optimizing processing capacity, already on a positive trajectory following acquisition of new plant machinery, as well as improving power supply to reduce production downtime.

“Last year there were issues to do with power, this year there has been a bit of improvement but last year it was worse, issues to do with fuel and general forex availability because 70 percent of all consumables and spares we import.

“So, if your foreign currency access scenario is not stable you are bound to suffer, but this year things have started on a better note… one of the biggest challenges in Zimbabwe is that we are a cash economy.

“We lost a lot last year in terms of production down time we lost, probably in terms of total material mined we are looking at about 8 million tones that we could have moved last year, which is very big,” said Guvakuva.

He added, “We have installed a 450 ton per hour plant it’s got phases now we are installing phase three where carat production is expected to go up, our focus now in terms of mining we are stable but it’s the liberation and optimization of the plant that we will work on.”

Guvakuva said focus will also be placed on greenfield and ground field, together with exploration contractors under a ‘hybrid exploration model’ in the seven approved special grants in regions considered diamondiferous.

“We are increasing our exploration through a hybrid model in the sense that we have our own exploration drill rigs, commissioned them in 2018, they are called diamond drill rigs that can drill up to 250 metres, we have what we call a Reverse Circulation Rigs (RCO).

“We have also engaged contractors which makes it the hybrid model, they have done work right now the contract has ended, but we are doing a lot of exploration we have a lot of ground field and greenfield projects all over the place.

“ZCDC we have seven approved special grants, in this whole area which is about 26 to 30 kilometers its assumed to be diamondiferous, but the economics of it is what we do through exploration. To say we will be here for two or three years I will be lying (is an under estimation) but we will be here for a very long time,” said Guvakuva.

Source: allafrica

BlueRock Diamonds Reports Profitability

BlueRock Diamond

BlueRock Diamonds has announced that it operated profitably for the first time in the second half of 2019. The miner started operations in 2012.

The AIM-listed diamond producer, which owns and operates the Kareevlei Diamond

Mine in the Kimberley region of South Africa said its revenue was up 190 percent to £4.1 million ($5.4 million) for full year 2019. 

The miner sold 12,675 for the year, an increase of 118 percent over the 5,805 carats in 2018. On a quarterly basis, Q4 2019 saw an increase of 172 percent to 4,170 carats compared to 1,533 carats in Q4 2018.  

BlueRock also saw an increase in its average price per carat during Q4 and FY2019. For 2019, the per-carat price increased 24 percent to $415 (2018: $334) and for the quarter it rose 30 percent to $410 (2018: $316). 

“I am very pleased with the continued success at Kareevlei,” said Mike Houston, BlueRock executive chairman. “Having achieved the aggressive guidance for 2019 and operated profitably for the first time in the second half of 2019. We are proud of this key milestone, which is a testament to the implementation of the revised production strategy brought in by the company’s new management team in Q2 2019.”

BlueRock said it expects to report positive EBITDA and positive comprehensive income for

the second half of 2019 (excluding non-cash adjustments for IFRS 9 charges and movement in foreign exchange). 

The company said the first quarter of 2020 has started “satisfactorily” with expectations that, despite the impact of seasonal rains, it will meet its targeted production volumes for the quarter, which are significantly ahead of those achieved in Q1 2019.

Source: IDEX

Perth Mint highlights rare Argyle diamonds

Argyle Pink Diamond Tiger Coin

The Perth Mint has released Jewelled Tiger coins featuring rare pink diamonds from Rio Tinto’s Argyle mine in Western Australia.

Its most significant release for 2020 incorporates nearly three carats of fancy vivid intense pink diamonds from the Argyle mine, making up a finely structured three-dimensional 18 carat rose gold tiger pavé.

Two emeralds from Colombia’s Muzo mines feature as the tiger’s eyes and the coin is crafted from 10 ounces of 99.99 per cent pure gold.

The Perth Mint only issued eight Jewelled Tiger coins, which are priced at $259,000 each, recognising the significance of the number eight in Asian cultures and its association with luck and prosperity.

Renowned for its power and beauty, the tiger shares the symbolic virtues of gold and so it was a natural choice to feature the revered creature on a sophisticated release, according to Perth Mint chief executive Richard Hayes.

“Our 2018 Jewelled Phoenix and 2019 Jewelled Dragon coins sold out within weeks of their respective release dates. We expect the Jewelled Tiger will be similarly sought-after among the world’s diamond connoisseurs and collectors of luxury items,” he said.

Each Jewelled Tiger coin is presented in a display case with 18 carat gold furnishings inset with two additional Argyle pink diamonds.

Source: australianmining

WD Sues Diamond Growers over CVD Patents

A 9.04-carat round brilliant produced by WD Lab Grown Diamonds in 2018 using chemical vapor deposition.

The companies behind WD Lab Grown Diamonds have filed three lawsuits against competitors, accusing them of infringing patents for diamond synthesis and treatment.

The Carnegie Institution of Washington, a science organization, and M7D Corporation, which trades as WD Lab Grown Diamonds, took action Thursday again six companies that produce or sell diamonds made using chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

One of the complaints targets Pure Grown Diamonds (PGD) and IIa Technologies, which produces CVD goods for PGD. A second filing is against Mahendra Brothers, a De Beers sightholder, and its affiliate, Fenix Diamonds. The third suit takes aim at Altr, another lab-grown supplier, and its owner, R.A. Riam.

Carnegie invented and patented a version of CVD, known as microwave-plasma CVD (MPCVD), that can create a purer diamond because it doesn’t involve electrodes, which often contaminate the product, according to the lawsuits. It also patented a method for enhancing a stone’s visual characteristics through heat treatment at high pressure and temperature. M7D holds the license to both patents, the three similar lawsuits continued.

“The existence of the patents…are well-known in the lab-grown diamond industry, and in particular are well-known by lab-grown diamond manufacturers, importers and sellers,” Carnegie and M7D claimed.

Carnegie and M7D are seeking damages and a judgment declaring that the six companies violated their patents. The companies were not available for comment Sunday.

Source: Diamonds.net

Alrosa Collaborates on WeChat Blockchain

Alrosa Polished diamonds

Alrosa will help launch a blockchain-based provenance program offering Chinese consumers greater transparency when buying jewelry via WeChat.

The e-commerce program, a partnership with blockchain platform Everledger and Chinese Internet giant Tencent Holdings, will be available to nearly a billion WeChat users, the companies said Monday.

WeChat, which is owned by Tencent, is a multipurpose messaging, social-media and mobile-payment app. The traceability platform will be applied to a “mini program,” a sub-application within the WeChat system that enables advanced features such as e-commerce and task management.

During the pilot phase, the product will feature diamonds mined in Russia by Alrosa, and will contain information on the stone’s provenance and full certificate details. The groups will offer the program to jewelry manufacturers and retailers in China as a white-label API, which enables them to create their own platform and offer it under their own name.

“This exciting development…brings provenance and authenticity of diamonds to a new level of transparency in China,” said Everledger chief operating officer Chris Taylor. “Making this information available to consumers’ fingertips via WeChat enables them to be sure about the source and the credentials of each item being purchased.”

The program will also help Alrosa expand its client base in the Chinese market, the miner explained. 

“[The venture] reinforces our pursuit for guaranteeing the origin of our products,” explained Pavel Vinikhin, head of diamonds for Alrosa’s polishing division. “We believe that this collaboration with the most popular social-media platform in China will help us to further strengthen our sales there.”

Source: diamonds.net

Diamond miners dented by liquidity crisis among India’s polishers

liquidity crisis among India’s polishers

Diamond miners are feeling the pressure after a funding crunch in the world’s polishing hub dented sales of rough gemstones.

Since celebrity jeweller Nirav Modi fled India in 2018 accused of having defrauded a state bank of nearly $2bn, banks have sharply cut back lending to diamantaires, who cut, polish and trade the world’s diamonds.

“Bankers have blacklisted the jewellers industry,” said Shantibhai Patel, president of the Indian Bullion and Jewellers Association in Gujarat, the country’s diamond-cutting centre.

The squeeze has forced diamantaires to buy less from diamond producers such as De Beers, Rio Tinto and Gem Diamonds — which have seen sales and margins suffer as a result.

De Beers is on course to report its worst annual sales in at least four years. In response, the world’s largest producer reduced prices for its rough diamonds by 5 per cent last month at its November sale, the biggest discount in years, Bloomberg reported. De Beers declined to comment on its pricing.

Across the sector, rough diamond prices have fallen 15 per cent since last November, according to Polished Prices. Industry experts say a further 10-15 per cent drop would push some smaller producers to file for bankruptcy.

“It’s a liquidity crisis that’s affecting the middle of the pipeline,” said Edward Sterck, an analyst at BMO Capital Markets. “Diamond manufacturers can’t afford to pay rough diamond prices . . . It’s a function of necessity that prices have come down.”

Diamantaires — 90 per cent of which are based in India — buy rough diamonds from producers such as De Beers that they then cut with lasers and polish for use in jewellery.

The flight of Mr Modi, whose clients included actress Kate Winslet, prompted banks to tighten up lending terms for manufacturers. Bank credit to the diamond industry, of which Indian companies receive about four-fifths, fell 20 per cent to $8bn this year, according to WWW International Diamond Consultants.

As a result, diamond cutters are working through existing stocks rather than buying on the global market. According to India’s Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council, imports of rough diamonds into the country fell 22 per cent year over year to $7.3bn between April and October.

This has struck diamond mining companies hard. Stuart Brown, chief executive at Toronto-based Mountain Province Diamonds, said the rough stone market was “challenging” in its third-quarter results.

Mid-sized producers including Canada’s Lucara Diamond and the UK’s Petra Diamonds all reported lower prices for their diamonds in the latest quarter. Lucara reported a selling price of $390 a carat, a 13 per cent drop from last year and a steep fall from 2014, when gems sold for $644 a carat. Dire market conditions drove Quebec-based Stornoway Diamond into bankruptcy in September.

The diamond industry differs from other commodities given the large influence of the two largest producers on pricing, and the fact that diamonds vary in size, quality and colour. De Beers is a “price setter” that offers uncut stones to traders for fixed prices and quantities at sales, known as “sights”.

Production cuts and concessions, including discounts and flexibility to return stones, have provided some relief to De Beers and its customers. Sales rose last month but were still below $400m — the lowest in a November sight on record.

Mr Patel welcomed the Anglo American-owned company’s price cut, but expected little uplift in the foreseeable future. “There’s no work,” he said. “For one year, one and a half years, we’re not expecting any bullish trends.”

But Colin Shah, managing director of manufacturer Kama Schachter, is hopeful that the worst was over for diamantaires. He said that manufacturers were adjusting to the tougher norms in place after the Modi scandal, which could get liquidity flowing again.

“There’s much more [scrutiny] than there used to be,” he said, referring to banks’ lending practices. “Inventories have come down, everyone has made their business models leaner . . . I think the second half of 2020 will be better.”

Industry executives point to tightening supply over the next few years that will help restore diamonds’ key feature: rarity. Rio Tinto’s Argyle mine, which outputs 90 per cent of the world’s valuable pink diamonds, is set to close next year.

Meanwhile, retail demand for diamonds has been robust, particularly in the US where spending on diamond jewellery grew 4.5 per cent to $36bn last year. French luxury group LVMH’s $16.6bn acquisition of Tiffany, agreed last week, was seen by analysts as a vote of confidence in long-term consumer demand for diamond jewellery.

But other industry figures say more drastic action by diamond mining companies is needed to help bedraggled manufacturers. Martin Rapaport, founder of the world’s largest diamond trading platform, said the price cut was insufficient. “It’s not enough to recapitalise the industry,” he said.

“They need to drop prices as much as 50 per cent to return liquidity to the market. It’s too little too late.”

Source: ft.com

Rare Argyle diamonds attract bidding bonanza as closure nears

Argyle pink diamond tender

Rio Tinto has showcased a collection of 64 rare pink and red diamonds from the Argyle mine in Western Australia in the 35th tender from the soon-to-be-closed mine.

The company reported “intense global demand” for the rare diamonds, with double digit growth in the number of bids during the tender.

The most valuable diamond in the collection, Argyle Enigma, was won by Melbourne-based dealer and Argyle Pink Diamonds partner Blue Star & Kiven Diamonds. It also secured Argyle Verity.

Bids and total values are kept confidential.

Argyle pink diamonds
Argyle pink diamonds

“No other diamonds on earth match the rarity and provenance of Argyle pink diamonds,” Blue Star & Kiven Diamonds director Ron Kiven said.

“To have acquired two of the last Argyle pink diamonds to ever be unearthed, and one of the few Fancy Red Argyle diamonds in existence is the ultimate privilege.”

The 2019 Argyle Pink Diamonds tender was highly sought after, with a set of results that underscore the ongoing value appreciation of the gems in the history of rare coloured diamonds, according to Rio Tinto copper and diamonds vice president of sales and marketing Alan Chirgwin.

This year’s tender is the first time to be accompanied by smaller Argyle pink and red diamonds known as the Argyle Pink Everlastings collection.

It comprises 64 lots of carefully curated diamonds, weighing 211 carats. The collection was entirely sold to Hong Kong fancy coloured diamond specialist, Kunming Diamonds.

“This is a rare opportunity to acquire a once in a lifetime collection of pink and red Argyle diamonds,” Kunming director Harsh Maheshwari said.

“With the imminent closure of the Argyle mine, a collection such as this deserves to be showcased to the world.”

The value of Argyle pink diamonds sold at tender has appreciated more than 500 per cent over the past 19 years, outperforming all major equity markets.

Almost the entire world supply of rare pink, red and violet diamonds come from Rio Tinto’s Argyle diamond mine in the East Kimberley region of Western Australia, which will close at the end of next year.

Source: australianmining.com.au

Rio Tinto Sees Strong Bidding for Argyle Pinks

Argyle pink diamonds

Rio Tinto saw a double-digit increase in the number of bids at its 2019 Argyle Pink Diamond Tender, the company reported Wednesday.

The miner offered two collections at the tender, with one buyer acquiring all 64 lots of the Everlasting Collection, comprising 211 carats of smaller diamonds. The center piece Hero stones included six pink and red diamonds weighing 1.07 carats to 2.01 carats.

Australia-based Blue Star & Kiven Diamonds, a subsidiary of Aurostar Group, bought the Argyle Enigma, the most valuable diamond in the sale, Rio Tinto said Wednesday. The company also won the Argyle Verity.

“To have acquired two of the last Argyle pink diamonds to ever be unearthed, and one of the few fancy-red Argyle diamonds in existence, is the ultimate privilege,” noted Blue Star & Kiven Diamonds director Ron Kiven.

Meanwhile, Hong Kong-based fancy-colored-diamond dealer Kunming Diamonds purchased the entire Argyle Pink Everlasting collection. Rio Tinto did not disclose the sales price for any of the lots.

“With the imminent closure of the Argyle mine, a collection such as this deserves to be showcased to the world and we look forward to announcing our plans at a later date,” said Harsh Maheshwari, director of Kunming Diamonds.

The Argyle mine in Western Australia is nearing the end of its operational life, with Rio Tinto expecting to produce diamonds there until the end of 2020.

Source: Diamonds.net