Note: The level of inclusions pictured here is simply a guide and is not an accurate representation.

Understanding Diamond Clarity: A Key Factor in Grading and Value

Diamond clarity is one of the essential four Cs of diamond grading, alongside carat weight, colour, and cut. Clarity refers to the presence or absence of blemishes and inclusions within a diamond. Blemishes are external marks on the diamond’s surface, while inclusions are internal imperfections, such as tiny crystals or fractures.

The GIA Clarity Grading Scale

The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) has established an internationally recognised clarity grading scale that ranges from Flawless (FL) to Included (I3). The categories on this scale include:

• Flawless (FL) and Internally Flawless (IF): Diamonds with no internal or external imperfections visible under 10x magnification.
• Very, Very Slightly Included (VVS1 and VVS2): Diamonds with extremely small inclusions that are difficult for a skilled grader to detect under 10x magnification.
• Very Slightly Included (VS1 and VS2): Diamonds with small inclusions that are visible under 10x magnification but are usually invisible to the naked eye.
• Slightly Included (SI1 and SI2): Diamonds with noticeable inclusions that are easily visible under 10x magnification and may also be visible to the naked eye.
• Included (I1, I2, and I3): Diamonds with large and often numerous inclusions that are visible to the naked eye, potentially affecting the diamond’s durability and brilliance.

Impact of Clarity on Value

A diamond’s clarity grade significantly influences its appearance and value. Diamonds with higher clarity grades are rarer and more valuable. However, it is essential to consider clarity alongside the other characteristics—such as cut and colour—when evaluating a diamond’s overall quality.

HRD Clarity Grading System

The HRD (Hoge Raad voor Diamant), based in Antwerp, Belgium, is a major diamond grading organisation and an IDC (International Diamond Council) laboratory, similar to the DCLA (Diamond Certification Laboratory of Australia). HRD uses a clarity grading system that mirrors the GIA scale, which also ranges from Flawless (FL) to Included (I3). The HRD clarity grading scale includes:

• Flawless (FL): No internal or external inclusions or blemishes visible under 10x magnification.
• Internally Flawless (IF): No internal inclusions visible under 10x magnification, but slight surface blemishes may be present.
• Very, Very Slightly Included (VVS1, VVS2): Inclusions that are extremely difficult to see under 10x magnification and are barely detectable by a skilled grader.
• Very Slightly Included (VS1, VS2): Inclusions that are clearly visible under 10x magnification but may be difficult to see with the naked eye.
• Slightly Included (SI1, SI2): Inclusions that are easily visible under 10x magnification and may be visible to the naked eye.
• Included (I1, I2, I3): Inclusions that are visible to the naked eye, which may impact the diamond’s transparency and brilliance.

Variations in Grading

While HRD’s clarity grading system is similar to that of the GIA, there may be slight differences in how the grading criteria are applied. This can result in variations in the clarity grades assigned to a diamond by different grading laboratories.

In summary, understanding diamond clarity is crucial when selecting a diamond, as it significantly influences both its visual appeal and market value. Always consider clarity alongside the other Cs to make informed purchasing decisions.